Beijing+25: Progress and challenges till date

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Beijing+25: Progress and challenges till date

Beijing+25

The 1995 Beijing Conference will complete its 25th year in 2020. The Fourth World Conference on Women organized by the United Nations after the first in Mexico in 1975, the second in Copenhagen in 1980 and the third in Nairobi 1985, was a milestone for improving human rights for women and girls. In the conference, 189 UN member states unanimously adopted the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action (BFPA) as a global agenda for girls and women rights improvement. The BPFA focuses on twelve critical areas for strategic women and girls’ development including poverty, education and training, economy and armed conflict. The conference was a historically significant event where over 17000 participants attended which included 6000 government bodies, 4000 NGO representatives across the world, civil servants and over 4000 media representatives. Due to its empowering and long-term impact on women’s rights, the Platform for Action is reviewed and appraised every five years to continue to implement its commitments. The next review scheduled for 2020 also marks the 25th anniversary of the Declaration and Platform for Action.
25 years to the conference and commitment by 189 countries for advancement of women’s and girls’ rights and there still lie wide array of challenges on the way of advancement. Although significant progress is visible on data in different sectors like education and health, the subtle form of discrimination as well as explicit violence against women and girls are still rampant across the world. Persistent inequalities in workforce and stereotypical cultural norms binding women to the households contribute to create hurdles on the way. Stark gaps exist for poor women and girls living in rural areas and in poor urban settlements on several indicators including enrollment in education, maternal mortality and access to services such as water and sanitation.
However, we can also not ignore the significant progresses and level of raised awareness in this amount of time. Despite the persistent gaps, many countries have made important advances to realize women’s rights by introducing and implementing laws, policies and programs. Many of the transformative advances have been driven by women’s movements, and have often been more effective where they have worked in alliance with other gender equality advocates, in local and national governments, parliaments and political parties. Advancement in policies for violence against women and recognition of unpaid work of women has been possible post PFA.
On several indicators like Poverty, education, health and violence against women, there has been significant progress as well as noteworthy gaps and challenges. Referring to the report published by UN Women in for BPFA turning 20, here are some of the major points that gives the picture of the progress of BPFA.

Poverty:
The report highlights that there has been a drop in the rates of below poverty line- living under the threshold of $1.25 a day – from 47% to 22% in between 1990-2010. There is evidence that women are more likely to live in poverty than men. Across countries and regions, women are less likely than men to have access to decent work, assets and formal credit, although systematic global data on some of these dimensions have yet to be collected. Over-representation in household works and limited access to, education, family planning, health care, housing, land and other assets are considered the determinants for consistent poverty. However, states have been addressing these issues through various means such as introducing policies enabling women to reconcile paid and unpaid care responsibilities, strengthening labor market regulations; providing social protection including: child benefits, conditional cash transfers, old-age pensions and subsidies for education, health care and housing, ensuring access to land, property and productive resources through: legal reform; the issuance of individual or joint land and property titles for women; housing subsidies and access to agricultural technologies, information and resources and ensuring access to financial services through micro-credit schemes and mobile technologies. However, the national level policies must compliment with ground level implementation and eradication of gender based discrimination would only ensure proper economic growth of women.

Education
Between 1990 and 2012, there was significant progress towards closing the gender gap in primary enrollments. Gender parity exists in secondary education but girls still face significant disadvantages in many regions. Young women’s share of enrollment in tertiary education has also increased. In 1995, they made up 48 per cent of tertiary students globally and the share rose to 51 per cent in 2012.4 However, despite women’s increasing participation in tertiary enrollment, significant differences are observed in the fields in which men and women study. Women accounted for the majority of graduates in the field of education. By contrast, in the area of engineering, manufacturing and construction, men constituted the majority of graduates in 99 out of 103 countries with data in the same period. Initiations that made these results possible were such as addressing economic barriers to girls’ education, through the elimination of fees, free provision of school supplies, meals and transportation as well as measures to provide financial support in the form of loans, grants and scholarships; addressing violence against girls, revising school curricula and textbooks to eliminate pervasive gender stereotypes and implementing training programs to increase the capacity of teachers to provide gender-responsive education and Increasing support for the transition from work to school, such as providing technical and vocational education and training to women and girls as well as initiatives to improve literacy skills of women and girls. However, certain gender gaps in education still exists because of persistent violence against women in education setting as well as social harmful norms like child marriages, for which states must invest more time and effort.

Health:
Women’s life expectancy has increased globally over the last 20 years from 67 to 73 years between 1990 and 2012.Significant challenges remain with unacceptably high levels of maternal mortality in some regions, lack of access to sexual and reproductive health services and the increasing rates of non-communicable diseases. States have been successful to increase women’s access to health services through: free access to health-care; improving access in rural areas; training and education of health-care staff; and improving accessibility to free or subsidized essential drugs and commodities. Realization of sexual and reproductive health and rights through legal reforms and the expansion of sexual and reproductive health services have been vital to the advancement of women’s health. Likewise, there has been ensured health rights of marginalized groups of women and girls through specific measures to improve access to health-care services.
Women in power and decision making
Power and decision making is one of the indicators where intensive effort is further required. Despite the steady increase in women’s political representation and participation in parliaments, women remain significantly under-represented at the highest levels of political participation as well as across the public and private sectors. The persistence of discrimination, gender bias, and the threat of violence, harassment and intimidation in political institutions contribute to the low levels of women’s political participation. Sates are implementing temporary special measures to increase women’s participation, such as through the adoption of quotas and through constitutional and legal reforms. Also, addressing gender bias in political institutions and supporting women’s political participation, through implementing capacity-building initiatives to support women’s political participation at the local and national levels, a more comprehensive approach is required to ensure their participation from local to national level.

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    Understanding COSC Validation and Its Importance in Horology
    COSC Validation and its Stringent Criteria
    Controle Officiel Suisse des Chronometres, or the Official Swiss Chronometer Testing Agency, is the authorized Swiss testing agency that certifies the accuracy and precision of wristwatches. COSC certification is a mark of superior craftsmanship and trustworthiness in chronometry. Not all watch brands pursue COSC certification, such as Hublot, which instead follows to its own demanding standards with mechanisms like the UNICO calibre, attaining similar accuracy.

    The Science of Exact Timekeeping
    The central mechanism of a mechanical watch involves the spring, which supplies energy as it loosens. This mechanism, however, can be susceptible to external factors that may influence its accuracy. COSC-validated mechanisms undergo demanding testing—over 15 days in various circumstances (5 positions, three temperatures)—to ensure their resilience and reliability. The tests measure:

    Mean daily rate precision between -4 and +6 seconds.
    Mean variation, maximum variation rates, and effects of thermal changes.
    Why COSC Validation Is Important
    For timepiece fans and collectors, a COSC-validated timepiece isn’t just a item of technology but a proof to lasting excellence and accuracy. It signifies a watch that:

    Offers outstanding reliability and precision.
    Ensures assurance of quality across the whole design of the timepiece.
    Is probable to hold its value more effectively, making it a smart investment.
    Famous Chronometer Manufacturers
    Several famous manufacturers prioritize COSC certification for their timepieces, including Rolex, Omega, Breitling, and Longines, among others. Longines, for instance, offers collections like the Record and Soul, which showcase COSC-accredited movements equipped with advanced substances like silicone balance springs to improve durability and efficiency.

    Historical Context and the Evolution of Timepieces
    The idea of the chronometer dates back to the requirement for exact chronometry for navigational at sea, highlighted by John Harrison’s work in the eighteenth century. Since the formal establishment of Controle Officiel Suisse des Chronometres in 1973, the certification has become a benchmark for assessing the accuracy of luxury timepieces, maintaining a tradition of excellence in horology.

    Conclusion
    Owning a COSC-validated timepiece is more than an aesthetic selection; it’s a commitment to quality and precision. For those appreciating precision above all, the COSC accreditation provides peacefulness of thoughts, guaranteeing that each certified timepiece will function dependably under various circumstances. Whether for personal contentment or as an investment decision, COSC-accredited timepieces distinguish themselves in the world of watchmaking, carrying on a legacy of meticulous timekeeping.

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  160. Scotttus says:

    Son Dönemsel En Gözde Kumarhane Sitesi: Casibom

    Bahis oyunlarını sevenlerin artık duymuş olduğu Casibom, son dönemde adından sıkça söz ettiren bir bahis ve oyun platformu haline geldi. Türkiye’nin en iyi bahis sitelerinden biri olarak tanınan Casibom’un haftalık bazda olarak değişen giriş adresi, sektörde oldukça yenilikçi olmasına rağmen güvenilir ve kazanç sağlayan bir platform olarak tanınıyor.

    Casibom, rakiplerini geride bırakarak eski kumarhane web sitelerinin üstünlük sağlamayı başarıyor. Bu pazarda uzun soluklu olmak önemlidir olsa da, oyunculardan etkileşimde olmak ve onlara ulaşmak da aynı kadar değerli. Bu aşamada, Casibom’un her saat hizmet veren canlı olarak destek ekibi ile rahatlıkla iletişime temas kurulabilir olması büyük bir fayda getiriyor.

    Hızlıca artan oyuncuların kitlesi ile dikkat çekici Casibom’un arka planında başarı faktörleri arasında, sadece kumarhane ve canlı olarak casino oyunlarına sınırlı olmayan geniş bir hizmet yelpazesi bulunuyor. Sporcular bahislerinde sunduğu geniş seçenekler ve yüksek oranlar, oyuncuları ilgisini çekmeyi başarıyor.

    Ayrıca, hem sporcular bahisleri hem de kumarhane oyunlar katılımcılara yönlendirilen sunulan yüksek yüzdeli avantajlı ödüller da dikkat çekici. Bu nedenle, Casibom çabucak sektörde iyi bir pazarlama başarısı elde ediyor ve büyük bir oyuncuların kitlesi kazanıyor.

    Casibom’un kar getiren ödülleri ve ünlülüğü ile birlikte, web sitesine üyelik nasıl sağlanır sorusuna da bahsetmek gereklidir. Casibom’a mobil cihazlarınızdan, bilgisayarlarınızdan veya tabletlerinizden web tarayıcı üzerinden kolaylıkla erişilebilir. Ayrıca, web sitesinin mobil uyumlu olması da büyük önem taşıyan bir artı sağlıyor, çünkü şimdi hemen hemen herkesin bir akıllı telefonu var ve bu cihazlar üzerinden hızlıca erişim sağlanabiliyor.

    Hareketli cep telefonlarınızla bile yolda gerçek zamanlı bahisler alabilir ve maçları canlı olarak izleyebilirsiniz. Ayrıca, Casibom’un mobil uyumlu olması, ülkemizde kumarhane ve kumarhane gibi yerlerin kanuni olarak kapatılmasıyla birlikte bu tür platformlara erişimin önemli bir yolunu oluşturuyor.

    Casibom’un güvenilir bir casino sitesi olması da önemlidir bir artı sağlıyor. Ruhsatlı bir platform olan Casibom, kesintisiz bir şekilde keyif ve kazanç elde etme imkanı sağlar.

    Casibom’a abone olmak da oldukça kolaydır. Herhangi bir belge koşulu olmadan ve bedel ödemeden web sitesine rahatça abone olabilirsiniz. Ayrıca, web sitesi üzerinde para yatırma ve çekme işlemleri için de birçok farklı yöntem bulunmaktadır ve herhangi bir kesim ücreti alınmamaktadır.

    Ancak, Casibom’un güncel giriş adresini takip etmek de önemlidir. Çünkü canlı bahis ve casino siteleri popüler olduğu için yalancı web siteleri ve dolandırıcılar da ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu nedenle, Casibom’un sosyal medya hesaplarını ve güncel giriş adresini düzenli olarak kontrol etmek gereklidir.

    Sonuç olarak, Casibom hem itimat edilir hem de kazandıran bir kumarhane web sitesi olarak dikkat çekici. Yüksek promosyonları, geniş oyun seçenekleri ve kullanıcı dostu mobil uygulaması ile Casibom, oyun sevenler için ideal bir platform sağlar.

  161. Scotttus says:

    로드스탁과의 레버리지 스탁: 투자의 신규 지평

    로드스탁에서 공급하는 레버리지 방식의 스탁은 주식 투자법의 한 방법으로, 높은 이익율을 목적으로 하는 투자자들에게 매력적인 선택입니다. 레버리지 사용을 이용하는 이 전략은 투자자가 자신의 투자금을 초과하는 투자금을 투입할 수 있도록 하여, 주식 시장에서 훨씬 큰 영향력을 행사할 수 있는 방법을 공급합니다.

    레버리지 스탁의 기본 원칙
    레버리지 스탁은 일반적으로 자금을 빌려 운용하는 방식입니다. 예를 들어, 100만 원의 자금으로 1,000만 원 상당의 주식을 사들일 수 있는데, 이는 투자자들이 일반적인 자본보다 훨씬 더욱 많은 주식을 구매하여, 주식 가격이 올라갈 경우 상응하는 훨씬 더 큰 이익을 획득할 수 있게 합니다. 그러나, 주식 가격이 내려갈 경우에는 그 피해 또한 증가할 수 있으므로, 레버리지 사용을 이용할 때는 신중해야 합니다.

    투자 계획과 레버리지
    레버리지 사용은 특히 성장 잠재력이 상당한 사업체에 투자할 때 유용합니다. 이러한 기업에 큰 비율로 적용하면, 성공할 경우 큰 수입을 획득할 수 있지만, 반대의 경우 상당한 위험도 감수하게 됩니다. 따라서, 투자자는 자신의 위험성 관리 능력을 가진 시장 분석을 통해 통해, 어떤 회사에 얼마만큼의 자금을 적용할지 선택해야 합니다.

    레버리지의 이점과 위험 요소
    레버리지 스탁은 큰 수익을 보장하지만, 그만큼 상당한 위험도 따릅니다. 증권 장의 변동성은 예상이 곤란하기 때문에, 레버리지 사용을 이용할 때는 언제나 시장 경향을 세심하게 살펴보고, 손해를 최소로 줄일 수 있는 계획을 구성해야 합니다.

    맺음말: 세심한 선택이 필요
    로드스탁을 통해 제공된 레버리지 방식의 스탁은 막강한 투자 도구이며, 적당히 사용하면 많은 수입을 제공할 수 있습니다. 그렇지만 큰 위험성도 고려해야 하며, 투자 결정은 충분한 정보와 신중한 판단 후에 실시되어야 합니다. 투자하는 사람의 재정 상황, 위험을 감수하는 능력, 그리고 시장의 상황을 고려한 균형 잡힌 투자 계획이 중요하며.

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